Theoretical Paradigm: Computational Analysis of Proton Stopping Power in Material Targets using Einstein, Bahjat and New Mass-Energy Concepts

Abstract

This research study the theoretical Paradigm: Computational Analysis of proton stopping power in materials target such as Air, tissue, water, skeletal, plastic, copper and lead within energy range of  to . The method employed Einstein mass-energy theory, Bahjat mass-energy concept  and new mass- energy concept  into the Beth-Bloch Stopping power formula for calculations stopping power of proton in the above mentioned materials target. The graphical extrapolations of stopping power as a function of energy, shows that, the Einstein mass-energy theory has been under estimated and the new mass-energy  ride between the  and  also close to compared to . In a graphical plot particle speed relative to speed of light (β)as a function of energy also depicted the same characteristics.Since in most literature, the einstein’s theory was either over estimate or underestimate nuclear reaction and the new mass-energy concept appeared in between the two theories. Hence,the new mass-energy  it gives minimal energy loss compare Eintein’s and Bahjat Mass-energy theories and it can be use in studying atomic structures as well binding energy of atomic nuclei. The derived universal particle speed constant v, describing the speed of the Proton is more realistic since the proton has mass, hence moves slower than the photon (light).