Increasing the Production Efficiency of Abakaliki Rice Mill Cluster by Provision of Environmental Friendly and Alternative Hybrid Energy Source

Abstract

The agricultural sector plays a central role in the economic development of many developing nations, including Nigeria. Among the various agricultural produce, rice holds significant importance as a staple food, contributing substantially to food security and the livelihoods of millions. This study examines energy consumption and the potential for solar energy integration within the Abakaliki Rice Mill Industrial Cluster, a key rice processing hub in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Established in 1967, the cluster currently relies on both firewood and diesel generators, powering machines used for milling, de-stoning, and bag-sewing. This reliance on diesel fuel creates significant challenges, including high operational costs, unreliable fuel availability, and fluctuating fuel quality. The high cost of diesel contributes to increased rice prices and potential artificial scarcity, impacting food security. Additionally, emissions from diesel combustion and firewood burning contribute to air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, and health risks. Frequent breakdowns of diesel-operated machinery further disrupt mill operations. Energy assessments reveal that each cluster, containing up to 14 milling machines, consumes approximately 109,200 liters of diesel annually, costing ₦136.5 million. A comparative cost analysis, using PVsyst software, evaluated the current diesel system against a proposed 200 kWp PV solar system. Results indicate that the PV system could generate 293,495 kWh annually with an 81% performance ratio, offering substantial cost savings and reducing CO₂ emissions by 3,294.4 tons per year. The study concludes that a mini hybrid PV power plant is a viable and beneficial alternative, promoting economic viability, sustainability, and environmental responsibility. Mill operators have expressed a strong interest in alternative energy solutions due to the existing diesel-related challenges if built sustainably.