Impact of Metals Scrap Yard on the Presence of some Heavy Metals Concentration within Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Metal scrap yards play a crucial role in the recycling and reuse of metals, contributing significantly to the economy and conservation of natural resources. However, the processing and storage of metal scraps can lead to the release of heavy metals such as lead, chromium and cadmium, into the environment. The presence of heavy metals in metal scrap yards poses a significant risk to nearby communities, workers and the environment, also causing air and water pollution, soil contamination, and health problem. Study of impact of metals scrap yard on the presence some of some heavy metals in soil samples was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Top soil sample were collected from eight metals scrap yards and their corresponding control areas. One gram (1 g) each of the soil samples was digested and then heated slowly and steadily, the solution appears colorless. The samples were allowed to cool and ready for analysis. The result obtained was, the mean elemental concentration element was of the order ofMn (41.022±41.202)> Cu (4.416±4.274) >Pb (2.685±1.399) > Mg (0.500±10.122) > Cr (0.460±0.187) > Cd (0.125±0.027) > Co (0.04±0.000)> Ni (0.000±0.000). The comparison of the elemental concentration of the heavy metals of (Mn, Mg, Cu, Pd, Cr, Cd, Co and Ni) in the study area ware shows the metal scrap yard has impact in the presence of heavy metals in soil. In addition, the Contamination factor (CF), and Pollution load index (PLI) of each trace element in soil of the study area and their respective control area were all < 1 which implies that they all have low contamination factors, less polluted and low contaminated.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Abolude, D. S, Davies, O. A & Chia, A. M. (2009). Distribution and concentration of trace elements in Kubani reservoir in northern Nigeria research journal of environmental and earth sciences 1(2): 39-44.
Al-Khashman O.A and Shawabkeh R.A (2006) Metals distribution in soils around the cement factory in southern Jordan, Environ Pollut. 140(3), 387 - 394.
Atiemo S.M, F.G. Ofosu, I.J.K. Aboh and P.O. Yeboah Determination of heavy metals and human health risk assessment of road dust on the Tema motorway and Tetteh Quarshie interchange in Accra, Ghana. J. Ghana Sci. Assoc., 12(2), 2010, 76-85.
Bridgen K, Labunska I, Santillo D. and .Johnston. P, (2008) Chemical Contamination at e-waste recycling and disposal sites in Accra and Koforidua, Ghana. Greenpeace Research Laboratories Technical note 10/2008.
Chang, M.K. Wang, (1998). Huang Transport of cadmium, nickel and zinc in Taoyuan red soil ICRCL (Interdepartmental Committee on the Redevelopment of Contaminated Land), Notes on Scrap Yards and Similar Sites.(ICRCL Guideline Note 42/80. Second Edition. 1983).
Cools N, De Vos, (2010). Sampling and Analysis ofSoil. Manual Part X. Hamburg: UNECE, ICP Forests.
Ekosse G.E., Ngila .J.C., and Forcheh N.(2005) Multivariate analyses of heavy metals in soils and colo phospermummopane leaves around the Selebiphikive nickel-copper mine and smelter/ concentrator plant area, Bostwana”, Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Volume 9, 177 – 185.
Geoderma, (2015): dimensional convective-dispersive model Assessment of heavy metals pollution and natural radioactivity in topsoil. International Journal of Environmental Science Volume 5, No 5, 20-27.
Grzebisz, W., Cieśla, L., Komisarek. J. and Potarzycki, J. (2002). Geochemical Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution of Urban Soils. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 11(5): 493-499
Harikumar P.S., Nasir U.P., Mujeebur R.M.P. (2009), Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Core Sediments of a Tropical Wetland System, Environmental Science and Technology 6(2), pp 225-232.
Huu H.H, Rudy S. and An Van Damme Distribution and contamination status of heavy metals in estuarine sediments near CauOngharbour, Ha Long Bay, Vietnam. Geol. Belgica, 13(1-2), 2010, 37-47
Momodu M.A. and C.A. Anyakora Heavy metal contamination of ground water: The Surulere Case Study; Research Journal Environmental and Earth Sciences Volume 2(1), 2010, 39-43
National Population Commission (2006). National Census Report.
Njoroge, G. K. (2007). Environmental pollution and impacts on public health: Implications of the Dandora municipal dumping site in Nairobi, Kenya. Report Summary by Njoroge G. Kimani, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme and the St. John Catholic Church, Korogocho. Web http:// www.unep.org/urban_environment
Odat, S. (2015), Application of Geo-accumulation index and Enrichment Factors on the Assessment of heavy Metals Pollution along Irbid/Zarqa high way, Jordan. Journal of Applied Sciences, Volume 15, 1318-1321.
Ogundele, D. T., Adio A. and Oludele O. E. (2015), Heavy metal concentrations in Plant and Soil along heavy traffic roads in North Central Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 5(6):334.
Porteous, A,(1985), Hazardous waste management handbook. Britain: Butterworths Pub. Lee, G. F, &Lee, J. A. (2005). Municipal solid waste landfills Water quality issues. In Water encyclopedia: Water quality and resource development (pp. 163e169). NJ: John Wiley
Rahman et al. (2012). Assessment of heavy metal conyamination of agricultural soil around Dhaka export processing Zone Bangladesh. Journal of apply science vol.2(3), 584-601.
Tomlinson D.L., Wilson J.G., Harris C.R., and Jeffney D.W. (1980), Problems in the Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels in Estuaries and the Formation of a Pollution Index, Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters, Vol. 33, pp 566-572.
Turekian K. K. and Wedepohl, K. H. (1961), Distribution of the elements in some major unit of the earth’s crust. Bulletin of Geological Society of America. 72: 175–92.
Twyman, R. M. (2005), Atomic Emission Spectrometry. University of York, UK Elsevier, p. 190-198
Xu, S. and S. Tao, S.(2004) Coregionalization analysis of Heavy metals in the surface soils of Inner Mongolia. The Journal Science of the Total Environment. Volume 320, 73-80.