Radiometric evaluation of annual effective dose in water from Zobe Dam, North-Western, Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
The communities located closed to the Zobe Dam which flows through many tributaries in Kastina State, utilizes the dam water for irrigation, drinking and other domestic activities. The level of radionuclide in water varies due to human factors, geological and geographical locations. There is need to evaluate the radiological health risk of the communities that uses the water for domestic activities, due to extensive farming around the dam. The annual effective dose (ADE) due to gross alpha and beta particles assists to estimate the radiological risks connected with making use of water in Zobe Dam for domestic purposes, were estimated. The low background Gas-less Alpha/Beta counting system (MPC 2000DP), was used to evaluate the alpha and beta activity concentration of the sample. The alpha activity ranged was 0.735±0.43 to 11.401±0.29 Bq/L, while the beta activity ranged from BDL to 11.891±0.57Bq/L. The AED varied from 0.150 to 8.319 mSv/year for adults, 0.075 to 4.160 mSv/year for children, and 0.038 to 2.080 mSv/year for infants, respectively. The average AED in adults, children and infant exceeded the ICRP dose limits of 0.1mSv/year. Water utilized for domestic purposes from the Dam could be quite risky because of intense farm activities and existence of natural radionuclide, if sufficient steps are not performed.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Avwiri, G.O., Agbalagba, E.O., (2007): Survey of gross alpha and gross beta radionuclideactivity in Okpare-Creek Deltal State Nigeria. Asian network for scientific information. J. Appl.SC. 7 (22), 3542 - 3546.
Bello, I.A., Zakari, Y.I., Garba, N.N., Vatsa, A.M. and Kure, N. (2018). Radioactivity level in water around a Cement factory in North Central Nigeria. Science World Journal. 13(1):56-60. Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University. ISSN: 1597-6343
Bello, S., Nasiru, R., Garba, N.N., and Adeyemo, D.J.(2020). Annual effective dose associated with radon, gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in drinking water from gold mining areas of Shanono and Bagwai, Kano State, Nigeria. Microchemical Journal 154 (2020) 104551.
Boukhenfouf, w., &boucenna, A. (2011). The radioactivity measurements in soils and fertilizers using gamma spectrometry technique. Journal of EnvironmentalRadioactivity, 102, 336-339.
Bramki A., Ramdhane M., and Benrachi F., (2017). Natural radioelement concentrations in fertilizers and the soil of the Mila region of Algeria. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences xxx (2017). 1-7.
Canbazoglu,C., Şahin, S., and Doğru, M. (2001). Determination of the gross alpha and the gross beta radioactivity concentration in some medicinal plants, Balkan Phys. Lett. (2001). Special Issue 59-63.
Chauhan, P., Chauhan, R., & Gupta, M. (2013). Estimation of naturally occurring radionuclides in fertilizers using gamma spectrometry and elemental analysis by xrf and xrd techniques. Journal of Microchemical Journal, 106, 73-78.
Damla, N., Cevik, U., Karahan, G., Kobya, A.I., Kocak, M., and Isık, U. (2009). Determination ofgross α and β activities in waters from batman, turkey, Desalination 244 (2009)208–2014.
Damla, N., Cevik, U., Karahan, G., &Kobya, A. I. (2006). Gross alpha and beta activities in tap water in eastern black sea region of Turkey. Chemosphere, 62937), 957-960
Desideri, D., Roselli, C., Feduzi, L., and Meli, M. A. (2007). Radiological characterization ofdrinking waters in central Italy, Microchem. J. 87 (2007) 13–19.
Ebro river basin (Northeast Spain), Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 51(2): page 181-210
Garba, N. N. (2011). Determination of radon concentration in water sources of Zaria andenvirons using liquid scintillation counter, An unpublished M.Sc. thesis AhmaduBello University, Zaria, 2011.
Gorur, F. K., Keser, R., Akcay, N., As, N., &Dizman, S. (2011). Annual effective dose and concentration levels of gross alpha and beta in Turkish market tea. Iran Journal of Radiation Research, 10(2): 67-72.
Gruber, V., Maringer, F. J., and Landstetter, C., (2009). Radon and other natural radionuclides indrinking water in Austria: measurement and assessment, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67 (5)(2009) 913–917.
IAEA. (2001). Extent of Environmental Contamination by Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (Norm) and Technological Options for Mitigation. Technical Reports SeriEs No.4I9.
ICRP (1991). The 1990 Recommendation of the International Commission of Radiological Protection,ICRP Publication 60. 21-23 Elsevier Health Sciences, USA.
ICRP (2005). International commission on radiation protection, Ann. ICRP 60 (2005). 411–440.
Internation Standard Organization (ISO), (1992). Water Quality Measurement of Gross Alpha Activity in Non-saline Water,International Standard Organization, 1992 (ISO 9696). Pp8.
International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP), (1990).
Jobbagy, V., Watjen, U., and Meresova, J. (2010). Current status of gross alpha/beta activityanalysis in water samples: a short overview of methods, J. RadioanalNucl. Chem 286 (2010) 393–399.
Khater, A., & AL-Sewaidan, H. (2008). Radiation exposure due to agricultural uses of phosphate fertilizers. Radiation Measurements, 43, 1402-1407.
Kitto, M. E., Parech, P. P., Torrs, M. A., and Schneider, D. J. (2005). Radionuclides and chemicalconcentration in mineral waters at Saratonga springs, New york, J. Environ.Radioact. 80 (2005) 327–329.
Ogundare F.O., and Adekoya, O.I. (2015). Gross alpha and beta radioactivity in surface soil anddrinkable water around a steel processing facility, J. Rad. Res. Appl. Sci. 8 (2015)411–417.
Onoja R.A. (2011). Determination of Natural Radioactivity and Committed Effective DoseCalculation in Borehole water Supply in Zaria, Nigeria, Ahmadu Bello University,Zaria, 2011 A PhD Dissertation.
Pujol L. and Sanchez C. (2000): Natural and artificial radioactivity in surface waters of thewheat cultivation. Radiation Protection Dosimetry (2018), pp.1-9.
Rafik, M., Rahman, S. U., Basharat, M., Aziz, W., Ahmad, I., Lone, K. A., et al. (2014). Evaluation of excess life time cancer risk from gamma dose rates in jhelum valley. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 7, 29-35.
Ravisankar, R., Chandrasekaran, A., Vijayagopal, P., Venkatraman, B., Senthilkumar, G., Eswaran, P., et al. (2012). Natural radioactivity in soil samples of yelagiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India and the associated radiation hazards. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 81, 1789 -1795.
Servitzoglou, N.G., Stoulos, S., Katsantonis, D., Papageorgiou, M., and Siountas, A., (2018). Natural radioactivity studies of phosphate fertilizers applied on Greek farm soils used for
Shabana, E. I. andKinsara, A. A. (2014). Radioactivity in groundwater of high background radiationarea, J. Environ. Radioact. 137 (2014) 181–189.
Taskin, H., Karavus, M., Ay, P., Topuzoglu, A., & Karahan, G. (2013). Radionuclide concentrations in soil and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 100, 49-53.
United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation,(UNSCEAR) 2000. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation (Report to the General Assembly) New York: United Nation). UNSCEAR Report, New York.
United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 2010. Decontamination research and development conference. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-11/052