Determination of Power-Flux-Density of Mobile Transceiver Stations in Kagara, Rafi LGA, Niger State

Abstract

The rapid expansion of mobile transceiver stations across urban and rural communities in Nigeria has raised growing concerns regarding the potential health impacts of continuous exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Often, these stations are located near residential areas and public facilities without thorough assessment of associated risks. This study evaluated the power flux density of RF emissions from mobile transceiver stations in Kagara, Rafi Local Government Area, Niger State, to assess compliance with safety limits established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Signal strengths from all mobile network operators in the study area were measured using an RF Strength Meter (Model 480836) along accessible routes, with corresponding distances and coordinates recorded using a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. Analysis revealed significant spatial variability in power flux density, influenced primarily by environmental factors such as terrain, buildings, and vegetation. Despite these fluctuations, the maximum observed power flux density was 66.79 mW/m², substantially below the ICNIRP guideline of 4,500 mW/m² for 900 MHz signals, indicating that public exposure levels are within internationally accepted safe limits.