Radiation Protection Practices in Classified Versus Non-Classified Areas of X-Ray Units in Jos Plateau State

Abstract

This study assessed radiation exposure levels in classified and non-classified areas during routine radiological examinations across three diagnostic X-ray facilities (X1, X2, and X3) in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. Radiation measurements were obtained using a GQ GMC-600 Plus digital radiation detector (serial number 36311386254310), with effective dose readings recorded directly in μSv/hr from the device display. The mean annual effective dose rate (AEDR) at Facility X1 was 0.89, 0.95, and 0.88 mSv/yr during chest, abdominal, and skull examinations, respectively. At Facility X2, comparatively higher mean AEDR values of 1.29, 1.55, and 1.11 mSv/yr were observed for the same examinations, whereas Facility X3 recorded lower values of 0.54, 0.60, and 0.80 mSv/yr. AEDR values at the X-ray console, patient waiting area, reception, and entrance door were compared against International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) limits of 20 mSv/yr for controlled areas and 1 mSv/yr for supervised areas. Facilities X1 and X3 remained within recommended limits across all surveyed locations, demonstrating adequate shielding and compliance with radiation safety standards. However, Facility X2 recorded AEDR values exceeding the 1 mSv/yr threshold at the X-ray room entrance, suggesting possible radiation leakage attributable to partial overlap or inadequate shielding of the door structure. These findings emphasize the importance of continuous radiation monitoring, strict adherence to ICRP guidelines, and corrective measures to address shielding deficiencies. Regular quality assurance programs and staff training are essential to ensure occupational safety and protect the public from unnecessary radiation exposure in diagnostic radiology facilities.