Correlation Between Entrance Surface Doses and Body Mass Index (BMI) for Students Undergoing Chest X-Ray Examination, at Olabisi Onabanjo University Clinic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62292/10.62292/njp.v34i2.2025.403Keywords:
Correlation, Body mass index, Entrance Surface dose, Chest X-ray examinationAbstract
The campus environment is a congregation of students from all over the nation, and the possibility of transmission of contagious diseases such as tuberculosis cannot be ruled out; hence, it is compulsory for all newly admitted students to undergo chest X-ray examination. In this study, the correlation between the entrance surface dose (ESD) and body mass index (BMI) has been investigated. The anthropometric /biodata parameters, such as age, weight, height, and radiographic parameters such as tube voltage (kV), tube current (mAS), and film focus distance (FSD) were collected for 500 students at the clinic. A model equation was used to estimate the entrance surface dose (ESD). Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to establish the relationship between the radiographic parameters and the body mass index for the newly admitted students. The result of the study shows that the estimated entrance surface dose ranged from 0.02 – 0.63) mGy, with a mean of 0.09 mGy. The tube voltage and the mAs ranged from (68 – 74) kV with the mean of 71kV and (10–30) mAs with the mean of 20 mAs, respectively. The mean of the estimated entrance surface dose for the present study is lower than the diagnostic reference level (DRL) recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the National Radiation Protection Board (NRPB) with values of 0.40 mGy and 0.30 mGy, respectively. A fair correlation with a value of 0.544 exists between the BMI and the entrance surface dose estimated for the study. In conclusion, the chest X-ray examination carried out in the University clinic is within the safe limit; the management may offer their services to the public so as to increase their internally generated revenue (IGR) of the University.
Downloads
References
Aliasgharzadeh, A., Mihandoost, E., Masoumbeigi, M., Salimian, M., & Mohseni, M. (2015). Measurement of entrance skin dose and calculation of effective dose for common diagnostic X-ray examinations in Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(5), 202–208. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n5p202pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+1pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+1
Ayodeji, J.A. (2025). Vice Chancellor address https://web.oouagoiwoye.edu.ng/vice-chancellorsaddress/#:~:text=The%20University%20is%20a%20first,14%20Faculties%20and%203%20Colleges
Brenner, D. J., & Hall, E. J. (2007). Computed tomography—An increasing source of radiation exposure. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(22), 2277–2284. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra072149
Eke, B., Orji, C., & Obed, R. (2011). Entrance skin dose on patients undergoing X-ray examinations at Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria. Deleted Journal, 7(3), 275–280. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijonas/article/view/86514
International Commission on Radiological Protection. (2007). The 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Annals of the ICRP, 37(2-4), 1–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icrp.2007.10.003
Joseph, D., & Igashi, J. (2014). Assessment of entrance skin dose and image quality of chest X-Rays in two university teaching hospitals, north East Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 3(6), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-03626575
Maaruf, A., Muhammed, B. G., & Usman, A. R. (2022). Determination of entrance surface dose for patients undergoing conventional chest x-ray examination at Radiology Department, Federal Teaching Hospital (FTH) Katsina. UMYU Scientifica, 1(2), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.009
National Research Council (NRC). (2006). Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation. In National Academies Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.17226/11340
Nijiti, M. M., Nwobi, I. C., Garba, I., Ahidjo, A., Bashir, T., Abubakar, A., Hamidu, A. U., & Luntsi, G. (2014). Estimation of entrance surface dose to adult patients undergoing plain chest radiographic examinations in a Northern Nigerian population. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals). https://doaj.org/article/df3ff647eec34b068440fd5dfffdc70d
Schauer, D. A., & Linton, O. W. (2009). NCRP report no. 160, ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States, medical exposure—are we doing less with more, and is there a role for health physicists? Health Physics, 97(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hp.0000356672.44380.b7
Sadeka S.R, Md Shakilur R, Santunu P, Md Kawchar Ahmed P, et al. Measurements of Entrance Surface Dose and Effective Dose of Patients in Diagnostic Radiography. Biomed J Sci and Tech Res 12(1)-2018. BJSTR. MS.ID.002186. https://doi.org.10.26717/BJSTR.2018.11.002186
Tung, C., Cheng, C., Chao, T., & Tsai, H. (1999). Determination of entrance skin doses and organ doses for medical x ray examinations. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 85(1), 417–420. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032886
World Health Organization. (2010). Global database on body mass index: BMI classification. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/body-mass-index
