Mapping of Aquifer Characteristics and Reservoir Protective Capacity Variation in Obafemi-Owode Local Government Area, Ogun State South-West Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
Variation of Aquifer potential characteristics and its impacts on the groundwater subsurface protection of the aquiferous zone using electrical resistivity method was carried out at Obafemi-Owode Local Government Area, Ogun State South-West Nigeria with the principal purpose of assessing and rating aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units in the area. Twenty seven (27) vertical electrical sounding (VES) were conducted using Schlumberger configuration with the maximum electrode spacing of 100m at each point using Allied OMHEGA Resistivity meter. The data were interpreted using partial curve matching techniques and computer iteration program using WINRESIST. Parameters such as aquifer resistivity, aquifer thickness, overburden thickness, bedrock resistivity, reflection coefficient and longitudinal unit conductance were calculated and used for evaluating the groundwater yields and vulnerability of the aquiferous zone to contaminant seepages. The range of reflection coefficient is found to be between 0.02 and 0.98 while that of the protective capacity is between 0.00135 and 0.510. Groundwater potentials of the area were categorized as being high (overburden thickness 13m and reflection coefficient less than 0.8); medium (overburden thickness 13m and with reflection coefficient 0.8) and low (overburden thickness < 13m and reflection coefficient. Also, the study area shows a very poor, poor, and moderate protective capacity rating. Seven (7) VES stations have very poor protective capacity, eighteen (18) VES stations shows poor protective capacity and only two (2) VES stations shows a moderate protective capacity rating. Since the illustration the longitudinal conductance revealed the impermeability of the confining layers which is generally ˂ 1.0 Siemens; values ˃1.0 Siemens which indicates zones in which the confined aquifer is subject to protection by the overlying formation materials; these revelations in the study area were possible indications that the groundwater quality status may have been impaired which necessitated the urgent need for the groundwater to be randomly...
Downloads
Article Details
References
Akanni, C.O. (1992). Aspects of Climate in ‟Ogun State in Mapˮ. in Onakomanya, S.O, Oyesiku, K., Jegede, F. J (Eds).
Ariyo, S.O. and Adeyemi, G.O. (2009). Role of Electrical Resistivity Method for Groundwater Exploration in Hard Rock Areas: A case Study from Fidiwo/Ajebo Areas of Southwesten Nigeria. Pacific Jour. of Sciences and Technology, Vol.10 (1) 483-486.
Auken, E and Christiansen, A.V. (2004). Layered and laterally constrained 2-D Inversion of Resistivity Data.Geophysics 69, 752-761.
Bayewu, O.O., Moroof O.O., Ganiyuo.M., Lanyan T.A., S.O Ariyo And Fatoba, J.O. (2018). Assessment of Groundwater Prospect and Aquifer Protective Capacity using Resistivity Method in Olabisi Onabanjo University Campus Ago-Iwoye, Southwestern Nigeria. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 7:2, 347-360, DOI:10.1016/J.NRJAG.2018.05.002
Coker J.O, Makinde V., Olowofela J.A (2009). Geophysical Investigation of Groundwater Potentials of Oke-Badan Estate, Ibadan, Southwestern, Nigeria. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Science and National Development University of Agric. Abeokuta, p. 119.
Gowd S.S (2004). Electrical Resistivity Surveys to delineate Groundwater Potential Aquifers in Peddavanka Watershed, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. J.Envir. Geol., 46: 118-131.
Henriet, J.P. (1976). Direct Applications of the Dar-Zarrouk Parameters in Groundwater Survey. Geophys. Prospect 24, 344-353.
Ishola S.A., Makinde V., Aina J.O., Ayedun H., Akinboro F.G.,Okeyode I.C., Coker J.O., and Alatise O.O (2016). Aquifer Protection Studies and Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, South-West Nigeria, Journal of Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics, © J.of NAMP Vol 33, (January, 2016), pp 347-362
Ishola S.A (2019). Characterization of Groundwater Resource Potentials using Integrated Techniques in Selected Communities within Ewekoro Local Government Area South-West Nigeria. Depatment of Physics, FUNAAB Ph.D Thesis.
Ishola, S.A., Makinde, V., Gbadebo, A.M., Mustapha, A.O and Orebiyi E.O (2021). Quality Assessment of Groundwater System in Itori Community of Ewekoro Local Government Area, South-West Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Technology in Science and Technology Publishing (SCI & TECH) ISSN: 2632-1017, Vol. 5, Issue 12 December-2021 pp 1060-1061. www.scitechpub.org
Kehinde-Phillips, O. (1990). Geology of Ogun State. In: Ogun State In Maps (Eds: Onakomaiya, S. O, Oyesiku, K., Jegede, J.). Rex Charles Publication. Ibadan. pp. 12-13.
Keller, G.V., and Frischknecht, F.C., (1996). Electrical Methods in Geophysical Prospecting. Pergamon-press, Oxford, New York, Toronto, Sdney, Branumsckweig.
Loke, M.H (1999). Time Lapse Resistivity Imaging Inversion. Inc Proceedings of the Meeting of the Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society European Section, Emi. Pp. 90.
Meju, M.A., Fonts, S.L., Oliveira, M.F.B., Lima, J.P.R., Ulugerger, E.U., Carrasquilla, A.A., (1999). Regional Aquifer Mapping Using Combined VES-TEM-AMT-EMAP Methods in the Semi-Arid Eastern Margin of Parnaiba Basin, Brazil. Geophysics 64(2), 337-356.
Oborie E.A and Nwankoala H.A. (2012). Relationship between Geoelectrical and Groundwater parameters in parts of Ogbia , Bayelsa state, central Niger Delta. Wilolud Continental Journals of Earth Sciences. Vol. 7, pp. 29- 32.
Ogunrayi, A.O., Akinseye, F.M, Goldberg, V., Bernhofer, C . (2016). Descriptive Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature Trends Over Akure, Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Planning. 9(11), 195-202.
Oladapo, M.I., and Akintorinwa, O. J. (2007). Hydrogeophysical Study Of Ogbese Southwestern, Nigeria, Glob. Journ. of Pure Applied. Sci. 13(1), 55-61.
Olasehinde, P.I., Bayewu, O.O., (2011). Evaluation of Electrical Resistivity Anisotropy in Geological Mapping: A Case Study of Odo Ara, West Central Nigeria, African Journal of Env. Sci. and Technology. 5(7), 553-556.
Olayinka, A.I. and Yaramanci, U. (2008). Use of block inversion in the 2-D Interpretation of Apparent Resistivity data and its comparism with smooth inversion. Jour of Applied Geophysics 45, 63-81.
Olayinka, A.I. (1996). Non-uniqueness in the interpretation of bedrock resistivity from sounding curves and its hydrological implications. Water resources. NAH 7(1&2), 55-60.
Olayinka, A.I. Abimbola, A.F., Isibor, R.A., Rafiu, A.R. (1999). A Geoelectrical Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Shallow Groundwater Occurrence in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria, Environ. Geol. 37(1-2), 31-39.
Olayinka, A.I. and Olorunfemi, M.O. (1992). Determination of Geoelectrical characteristics in Okene Area and implication for Borehole sitting. Journal of Mining and Geology, Vol.28 (2) pp. 403-412.
Olorunfemi, M.O; Ojo, J.S., Akintunde, O.M., (1999): Hydrogeophysical Evaluation of the Groundwater Potentials of Akure Metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria. Journ. of Mining. Geol. 35(2), 207-228.
Olorunfemi, M.O and Okhue, E.T. (1992): Hydrogeologic and Geologic significance of a Geoelectric Survey at Ile-Ife Nig. Journal of Mining (Ecology, Vol. 28, No.2, pp.221-229).
Olorunfemi, M. O, Olanrewaju, V. O and Alade, O. (1991). The Electrical Anisotropy and Groundwater Field in a Basement Complex Area of Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol.12 Pp 467-472.
Omosuyi, G.O. (2010). Geoelectric Assessment of Groundwater Prospect and Vulnerability of Overburden Aquifers at Idanre, Southwestern Nigeria. Ozean Journal of Applied Science. 3(1). 19-28.
Omosuyi, G.O., Ojo, J.S., and Erinkanselu, P.A. (2003). Geophysical Investigation for Omosuyi, G.O. (2000). Investigation of the Geoelectric Parameter, Dar-Zarrouk Parameters and Aquifer Characteristics of Some Parts of North-Central Nigeria. Journal of Sci. Eng. and Tech. 7(4), Pp. 2835−2848.
Onakomaiya, S.O, Oyesiku, K., and Jegede, F.J., (1992). Ogun State in Maps. Rex Charles Publications, pp. 128.
Pirttijärvi, M (2009) “Joint Interpretation of Electromagnetic and Geoelectrical Soundings Using 1-D Layered Earth Model, User’s Guide to Version 1.3,” Oulu, 2009, 48 p.
Telford, W. M.. Geldart L. P and. Sheriff, R. E (1990). “Applied Geophysics,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990, 870 p. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139167932
Ufoegbune G.C; Lamidi K.I; Awomeso J.A; Eruola A.O. (2009). Hydrogeological characteristics and groundwater quality using assessment in some selected communities of Abeokuta,Vol 1 pp10-22.
Vander Velpen, B.P.A. 2004. WinRESIST Version 1.0 Resistivity Depth Sounding Interpretation Software. M.Sc Research Project, ITC, Delft Netherland.
World Health Organization, WHO (1996). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Health Criteria and other Supporting Information. 2nd Edition, WHO, Geneva, p. 271.
World Health Organisation WHO. (2009). Arsenic in drinking water. Fact Sheet No.210. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs210/cn/. Accessed on 06/ 06/2009.